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terça-feira, 1 de fevereiro de 2011
MAKE X DO
How to use "make" and "do" in English
It can be difficult to know when to use "make" and when to use "do". Here are some tips to help you make the right choice.We use "make" for more creative activities:
"She makes her own clothes."
"He made a beautiful hat for the wedding."
We also use "make" to describe functions of speech – what we are doing when we speak:
You make
… an offer (I'll pay you $500 for your car)
… an appointment (Can we meet at 9 am?)
… an arrangement (Let's meet at the station.)
… a promise (I'll help you with this photocopying.)
… a threat (If you do that again, I'll tell him.)
… a compromise
… a suggestion
… a promise
… a mistake
… a decision
… a point
… a complaint
… an excuse
There are also some "fixed expressions" with "make":
"They made friends when they were at primary school."
"He made fun of her new hairstyle."
Other expressions are:
… make a fuss
… make a fortune
… make money
… make a profit / a loss
… make a journey
… make an effort
… make progress
… make a mess
… make a telephone call
… make a choice
One expression that uses either "do" or "make" is:
make a deal / do a deal (I'll do it if you help me.)
Using do
We use "do" to refer to jobs, or responsibilties. These are often routine things, which do not involve much creativity or fun:
"I do the shopping once a week."
"He does the gardening every weekend."
"We have to do a lot of work on the house."
You also do:
… your homework
… the housework
… a job
… the paperwork
… an exam
There are some fixed expressions that you can learn which use "do":
"She does a lot of good in the community."
"This chemical can do a lot of harm."
"She always does favours for her colleagues." (Do someone a favour – help someone)
Other expressions are:
… do something well / badly
… do your best
… do something right / wrong
… do the minimum / the maximum
… do damage
English medical vocabulary
English words and phrases connected with injury...
Boil = infected swelling with liquid inside it: "You'll need to go to the doctor to have that boil lanced." (lance – puncture and clean)
Lump = swelling: "I have a strange lump on my arm. I wonder what caused it."
Rash = allergic reaction which makes your skin go red: "When she used the soap her skin came out in a rash."
Scab = dry skin that forms over a cut: "Don't pick at your scab – you might make it bleed."
Spot = red mark on the skin (much smaller than a boil): "When he was a teenager he had a lot of spots."
Swelling = an irritation or infection that makes the skin rise: "After the wasp stung her, she had a swelling on her leg for days."
These words can be used as nouns and verbs
Bruise = when the skin goes blue and yellow: "She fell down the stairs and bruised her arm."
"He has a bruise just under his eye."
Bump = when you hit yourself and get a slight swelling:
"Ow! I bumped my head on the desk!"
"It's only a little bump – nothing serious."
Cut = when something sharp breaks your skin and you bleed: "He cut himself badly on the bread knife."
"Fortunately, nobody was seriously injured in the accident. There were only a few cuts and bruises."
"She got a nasty cut on her hand while she was diving."
Gash = deep cut: "He gashed his hand badly on a piece of broken glass."
"That's a nasty gash. You might need stitches."
Graze = slight cut – not enough to bleed much: "When she was little, she was always grazing her knee."
"I got a small graze on my hand when I fell onto some gravel."
Itch = when a part of your body makes you want to scratch it: "My eyes are itching – this atmosphere is too smoky for me."
"I've got a terrible itch where the mosquito bit me. "
Scratch = like a graze, but more painful: "The cat scratched me – it stings a little."
"He was picking berries and got a couple of scratches from the thorns."
Sprain = twist a part of your body: "She sprained her ankle when she slipped on the ice."
"My ankle looks swollen, but it's only a minor sprain."
...now, if you are feeling like this, go to the doctor!
Lump = swelling: "I have a strange lump on my arm. I wonder what caused it."
Rash = allergic reaction which makes your skin go red: "When she used the soap her skin came out in a rash."
Scab = dry skin that forms over a cut: "Don't pick at your scab – you might make it bleed."
Spot = red mark on the skin (much smaller than a boil): "When he was a teenager he had a lot of spots."
Swelling = an irritation or infection that makes the skin rise: "After the wasp stung her, she had a swelling on her leg for days."
These words can be used as nouns and verbs
Bruise = when the skin goes blue and yellow: "She fell down the stairs and bruised her arm."
"He has a bruise just under his eye."
Bump = when you hit yourself and get a slight swelling:
"Ow! I bumped my head on the desk!"
"It's only a little bump – nothing serious."
Cut = when something sharp breaks your skin and you bleed: "He cut himself badly on the bread knife."
"Fortunately, nobody was seriously injured in the accident. There were only a few cuts and bruises."
"She got a nasty cut on her hand while she was diving."
Gash = deep cut: "He gashed his hand badly on a piece of broken glass."
"That's a nasty gash. You might need stitches."
Graze = slight cut – not enough to bleed much: "When she was little, she was always grazing her knee."
"I got a small graze on my hand when I fell onto some gravel."
Itch = when a part of your body makes you want to scratch it: "My eyes are itching – this atmosphere is too smoky for me."
"I've got a terrible itch where the mosquito bit me. "
Scratch = like a graze, but more painful: "The cat scratched me – it stings a little."
"He was picking berries and got a couple of scratches from the thorns."
Sprain = twist a part of your body: "She sprained her ankle when she slipped on the ice."
"My ankle looks swollen, but it's only a minor sprain."
AMERICAN AND BRITISH VOCABULARY
Washing up liquid = Dish soap
Hoover = Vacuum cleaner
Washing powder = Laundry soap
Clothes peg = Clothes pin
Fridge = Fridge / Refrigerator
Living room / lounge = Living room / Den
Chest of drawers = Bureau
Wardrobe = Closet
Armchair = Easy chair
Larder / pantry = Pantry
Oven = Oven / stove
CARS
Mirror = Rear view mirror
Wing mirror = Side mirror
Indicators = BlinkersBonnet = Hood
Boot = Trunk
Windscreen = Windshield
Put your foot down = Step on the gas
(To drive fast)
Motor / wheels = Wheels
(Informal expressions for your car)
JUST CURIOSITY...
TOP TEN ENGLISH NAMESGIRLS | UK | US |
HOLLY | ISABELLA | |
ISABEL | EMMA | |
AVA | OLIVIA | |
ALEXA | SOPHIA | |
ASHLEE | AVA | |
DANIELLE | EMILY | |
OLIVIA | MADISON | |
RUBY | ABIGAIL | |
SOPHIE | CHLOE | |
ZOE | MIA |
BOYS | UK | US |
1. | JACK | JACOB |
2. | OLIVER | ETHAN |
3. | HARRY | MICHAEL |
4. | ALFIE | ALEXANDER |
5. | CHARLIE | WILLIAM |
6. | JOSHUA | JOSHUA |
7. | THOMAS | DANIEL |
8. | JAMES | JAYDEN |
9. | WILLIAM | NOAH |
10. | DANIEL | ANTHONY |
TOP TEN BRAZILIAN-PORTUGUESE NAMES
GIRLS | BRASIL | PORTUGAL |
JULIA/GIULIA | BEATRIZ | |
SOFIA/SOPHIA | LEONOR | |
MARIA EDUARDA | CAROLINA | |
GIOVANA/GIOVANNA | MARIANA | |
ISABELA/ISABELLA | MATILDE | |
BEATRIZ | LARA | |
MANUELA/MANUELLA | MARGARIDA | |
YASMIN/IASMIN | INÊS | |
MARIA CLARA | CLARA | |
ANA CLARA | MARIA |
BOYS | BRASIL | PORTUGAL |
1. | GABRIEL | MARTIM |
2. | ARTHUR/ARTUR | RODRIGO |
3. | MATHEUS/MATEUS | PEDRO |
4. | DAVI/DAVID | GUILHERME |
5. | LUCAS | MIGUEL |
6. | GUILHERME | TOMÁS |
7. | PEDRO | DAVID |
8. | MIGUEL | GABRIEL |
9. | ENZO | JOÃO |
10. | GUSTAVO | GONÇALO |
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